Plants have developed various defense mechanisms to protect themselves from herbivores, pathogens, and environmental stress. These defenses can be physical, such as thorns and tough leaves, or chemical, involving the production of toxins and repellents. For example, some plants release alkaloids that deter insects from feeding on them. In addition to these defenses, plants can also employ strategies like mimicry and camouflage to avoid detection by predators. When attacked, some plants can even release volatile organic compounds that attract predatory insects to help control herbivore populations. These adaptations are crucial for plant survival in diverse ecosystems.