Chemical defenses are strategies used by organisms to deter predators or competitors through the production of toxic or repellent substances. Many plants, for example, produce chemicals like alkaloids or terpenoids that can be harmful or unpalatable to herbivores. These compounds can also attract predators of the herbivores, providing an additional layer of protection. Animals also utilize chemical defenses, such as the secretion of venom or toxins. For instance, the poison dart frog produces potent toxins in its skin, which can deter potential threats. Similarly, some species of snakes and spiders use venom to immobilize prey and defend themselves from predators.