Plant adaptation refers to the various changes that plants undergo to survive and thrive in their specific environments. These adaptations can be structural, such as the thick, waxy leaves of cacti that reduce water loss, or behavioral, like the way some plants open and close their flowers based on the time of day. Different environments, such as deserts, rainforests, and tundras, require unique adaptations. For instance, mangroves have specialized roots that allow them to grow in salty water, while ferns can thrive in shaded, moist areas. These adaptations help plants compete for resources and ensure their survival.