Plagues, or afflictions, refer to widespread diseases that significantly impact populations. They can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Historical examples include the Black Death, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, and the Spanish Flu, which affected millions worldwide in 1918. These outbreaks can lead to high mortality rates and strain healthcare systems. Plagues often result in social and economic disruptions, as communities implement measures to control the spread, such as quarantines and travel restrictions. Understanding the causes and effects of plagues is crucial for public health and prevention strategies.