Pigmentation refers to the natural color of our skin, hair, and eyes, which is determined by a pigment called melanin. This pigment is produced by special cells in our skin and helps protect us from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays. The amount and type of melanin a person has can vary widely, leading to different skin tones and colors. When there are changes in pigmentation, it can result in conditions like vitiligo, where patches of skin lose their color, or hyperpigmentation, where certain areas become darker. These changes can be influenced by factors such as genetics, sun exposure, and hormonal changes. Understanding pigmentation helps us appreciate the diversity of human appearance.