Centrifugation is a laboratory technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their density. It involves spinning samples at high speeds in a machine called a centrifuge. The centrifugal force generated causes denser materials to move outward, while lighter components remain closer to the center. This method is commonly used in various fields, including biology and chemistry, to isolate cells, proteins, or other substances from liquids. For example, in blood testing, centrifugation separates red blood cells from plasma, allowing for further analysis and testing of the blood components.