Phosphatase is an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from molecules, a process known as dephosphorylation. This action is crucial for regulating various biological processes, including cell signaling, metabolism, and the cell cycle. Phosphatases play a key role in maintaining the balance of phosphorylation, which is the addition of phosphate groups by enzymes called kinases. There are different types of phosphatases, categorized mainly into protein phosphatases and alkaline phosphatases. Protein phosphatases specifically target proteins, influencing their activity and function, while alkaline phosphatases are involved in processes like bone mineralization and digestion. Both types are essential for proper cellular function and overall health.