"Philosophical Kings" is a concept introduced by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work, The Republic. It refers to rulers who possess both philosophical wisdom and political power, suggesting that the best leaders are those who understand the nature of justice and the good life. These rulers would prioritize the well-being of their citizens and govern based on reason rather than personal ambition. In Plato's ideal society, these kings would be educated in philosophy, mathematics, and the sciences, enabling them to make informed decisions. The idea emphasizes the importance of knowledge and virtue in leadership, contrasting with the notion of rulers who govern through force or wealth.