Philippe II of France, also known as Philippe Auguste, was a king who ruled from 1180 to 1223. He is best known for expanding the French territory and strengthening the monarchy. Philippe II successfully fought against the Plantagenets, a powerful English dynasty, and gained control of important regions like Normandy and Anjou. Under his reign, Philippe II implemented significant administrative reforms, improving the governance of his kingdom. He also played a crucial role in the Third Crusade, where he allied with Richard the Lionheart of England. His efforts laid the foundation for a more centralized and powerful France.