A pestle is a tool used in conjunction with a mortar to grind, crush, or mix substances, typically food items or herbs. It is usually made of hard materials like wood, stone, or ceramic, allowing it to effectively break down ingredients into finer particles. The mortar is a bowl-like container that holds the items being processed. Pestles have been used for centuries in various cultures for culinary and medicinal purposes. They are essential in traditional practices such as making pesto, grinding spices, or preparing herbal remedies. The combination of a pestle and mortar is a fundamental tool in many kitchens and apothecaries.