A Personal Union occurs when two or more separate states share the same monarch while maintaining their distinct laws and institutions. This arrangement allows the states to cooperate on certain matters, such as foreign policy, while remaining independent in domestic affairs. Historically, Personal Unions have been seen in various regions, such as the union between England and Scotland under James VI of Scotland and I of England in 1603. Although the states are linked through their shared ruler, they do not merge into a single political entity, preserving their sovereignty.