Persian civilization refers to the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Persian Empire, which emerged in ancient Iran. It is known for its significant contributions to art, architecture, and governance, particularly during the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 BCE). The empire was famous for its impressive structures like the Persepolis and its innovative administrative systems that promoted trade and communication across vast territories. The Persian civilization also made notable advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy. Influential figures such as Zoroaster introduced important religious concepts, while Persian poets like Rumi and Omar Khayyam enriched literature. The legacy of Persian civilization continues to influence modern culture and thought in various fields.