Perovskite oxides are a class of materials characterized by their unique crystal structure, which resembles that of the mineral perovskite. This structure allows them to exhibit a variety of interesting properties, including high electrical conductivity, ferroelectricity, and magnetoresistance. These features make perovskite oxides valuable in applications such as solar cells, catalysts, and fuel cells. The general formula for perovskite oxides is ABX3, where 'A' and 'B' are cations of different sizes, and 'X' is an anion, typically oxygen. Their versatility stems from the ability to modify their composition and structure, leading to tailored properties for specific uses in electronics and energy technologies.