The Permian Period lasted from about 299 to 252 million years ago and is the last period of the Paleozoic Era. It is known for the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea, which brought together many landmasses. The climate during this time varied from dry deserts to lush coastal areas, supporting diverse ecosystems. The Permian Period ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, known as the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event. This event wiped out approximately 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates. The causes of this extinction are still studied, with theories including volcanic activity and climate change.