The Carboniferous Period occurred approximately 359 to 299 million years ago, during the late Paleozoic Era. It is known for its vast forests of giant ferns and trees, which contributed to the formation of extensive coal deposits. The climate was warm and humid, creating ideal conditions for plant growth and the development of diverse ecosystems. During the Carboniferous, many marine and terrestrial organisms thrived, including early amphibians and various insects. The period is significant for the evolution of amniotes, which are ancestors of reptiles, birds, and mammals. The rich fossil record from this time provides valuable insights into Earth's history and the evolution of life.