Periodontal structures refer to the supporting tissues surrounding the teeth, which include the gums, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. These components work together to anchor the teeth in place and maintain their stability within the jaw. Healthy periodontal structures are essential for overall oral health and function. The gums, or gingiva, provide a protective barrier around the teeth, while the periodontal ligament connects the teeth to the alveolar bone. Cementum is a calcified tissue covering the tooth roots, aiding in attachment to the periodontal ligament. Together, these structures play a crucial role in supporting and protecting the teeth.