Perinatal issues refer to complications that can occur during the period shortly before, during, and after childbirth. This timeframe typically includes the last few months of pregnancy and the first month of a newborn's life. Common perinatal issues include low birth weight, premature birth, and maternal health problems, which can affect both the mother and the baby. These issues can arise from various factors, including maternal age, pre-existing health conditions, and environmental influences. Addressing perinatal issues is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the infant, often requiring coordinated care from healthcare professionals.