Pergamum was an ancient Greek city located in what is now modern-day Turkey. It was known for its impressive acropolis, which housed significant structures like the Altar of Zeus and the Library of Pergamum, one of the largest libraries of the ancient world. Pergamum was a center of culture and learning, contributing to the development of Hellenistic art and architecture. The city flourished during the Hellenistic period and later became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon. It was known for its advancements in medicine, particularly through the work of the physician Galenius. Pergamum eventually fell under Roman control, but its historical significance remains evident in archaeological sites today.