The Library of Pergamum was an ancient library located in the city of Pergamum, in present-day Turkey. It was one of the most significant libraries of the ancient world, second only to the Library of Alexandria. Established in the 3rd century BCE, it housed thousands of scrolls and was a center for scholarly activity. The library was renowned for its collection of texts, particularly in philosophy, science, and literature. It played a crucial role in the preservation of knowledge and the promotion of learning during the Hellenistic period. The invention of parchment in Pergamum allowed for the creation of durable writing materials, further enhancing the library's importance.