The Pentapolis of Cyrenaica refers to a group of five ancient cities located in the region of Cyrenaica, which is in present-day Libya. The cities are Cyrene, Ptolemais, Benghazi, Apollonia, and Tocra. These cities were significant centers of trade, culture, and learning during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Cyrene, the most prominent of the five, was known for its rich agricultural land and the famous philosopher Aristotle. The Pentapolis played a crucial role in the spread of Greek culture and influence in North Africa, contributing to the region's historical and archaeological significance.