Penal reform refers to changes in the legal and prison systems aimed at improving conditions for inmates and reducing recidivism. This can include altering sentencing laws, enhancing rehabilitation programs, and addressing overcrowding in prisons. The goal is to create a more humane and effective system that focuses on rehabilitation rather than solely punishment. Reform efforts often involve various stakeholders, including government officials, non-profit organizations, and advocacy groups. These entities work together to promote policies that support mental health services, education, and job training for inmates, ultimately aiming to reintegrate them successfully into society after their release.