The Pazzi Conspiracy was a plot in 1478 aimed at overthrowing the ruling Medici family in Florence, Italy. The conspiracy was orchestrated by the Pazzi family, who sought to gain power and influence by assassinating Lorenzo de' Medici and his brother Giuliano. The plan was executed during a church service, but it ultimately failed, resulting in the death of Giuliano and the escape of Lorenzo. Following the failed assassination, the Medici family retaliated against the conspirators. Many members of the Pazzi family were executed, and the conspiracy led to increased power for the Medici, solidifying their control over Florence. The event marked a significant moment in the political history of the Italian Renaissance.