Particle dynamics is the study of how particles move and interact under various forces. It involves understanding the motion of individual particles, such as atoms or molecules, and how they respond to forces like gravity, electromagnetism, and friction. This field is essential in physics and engineering, as it helps explain phenomena ranging from the behavior of gases to the motion of vehicles. In particle dynamics, concepts like Newton's laws of motion and kinetic energy are crucial. These principles allow scientists to predict how particles will behave in different conditions, which is important for applications in materials science, chemistry, and astrophysics.