The Parrott rifle is a type of artillery developed in the 1860s by Captain Robert Parker Parrott. It is a rifled cannon, meaning it has spiral grooves inside the barrel that improve the accuracy and range of the projectile. The design features a cast iron body reinforced with wrought iron bands, allowing it to withstand the pressures of firing heavy shells. Used primarily during the American Civil War, the Parrott rifle was effective in both siege and field artillery roles. It fired a variety of ammunition, including explosive shells and solid shot, making it versatile on the battlefield. Its distinctive design and performance contributed to its popularity among Union forces.