The term 'Papuan' refers to the diverse indigenous peoples of New Guinea and surrounding islands, characterized by a rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and traditions. These groups are known for their unique customs, art, and social structures, which vary significantly across different regions. Papuan languages, which include over 250 distinct languages, are a vital part of the cultural identity of these communities. The Papuan people have a deep connection to their land, often practicing subsistence agriculture and maintaining traditional lifestyles that have persisted for thousands of years.