The Great Schism refers to the division of Christianity into two main branches: the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East. This split occurred in 1054 due to various theological, political, and cultural differences, including disputes over papal authority and the use of icons in worship.
The schism was marked by mutual excommunications between the leaders of the two churches, namely Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I. This event significantly shaped the religious landscape of Europe and continues to influence Christian relations today, as both branches maintain distinct beliefs and practices.