Pain mechanisms refer to the processes by which the body detects and responds to harmful stimuli. When tissues are damaged, specialized nerve endings called nociceptors are activated. These receptors send signals through the nervous system to the brain, where the sensation of pain is perceived. This process helps protect the body by prompting reactions to avoid further injury. There are two main types of pain: acute and chronic. Acute pain is a short-term response to injury or illness, while chronic pain persists for longer periods, often without a clear cause. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing effective pain management strategies.