Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors in the body that detect harmful stimuli, such as extreme temperatures, pressure, or chemical irritants. They play a crucial role in the pain response by sending signals to the brain when tissue damage occurs, helping to protect the body from further injury. These receptors are found throughout the body, including in the skin, muscles, and internal organs. When activated, nociceptors transmit pain signals through the nervous system, which can lead to the perception of pain. This process is essential for alerting individuals to potential dangers and initiating protective reflexes.