The Pahlavi monarchy was the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1925 until 1979. Founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, the monarchy aimed to modernize and secularize Iran, implementing various reforms in education, industry, and women's rights. Reza Shah's reign was marked by efforts to reduce foreign influence and promote nationalism. After Reza Shah was forced to abdicate during World War II, his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, ascended to the throne. His rule saw significant economic growth and modernization but also faced criticism for authoritarian practices and human rights abuses. The monarchy ultimately fell during the Iranian Revolution in 1979, leading to the establishment of the Islamic Republic.