Physical Vapor Deposition, or PVD, is a process used to create thin films and coatings on various surfaces. It involves vaporizing a solid material in a vacuum and allowing it to condense onto a substrate, forming a thin layer. This technique is commonly used in industries such as electronics, optics, and manufacturing to enhance the properties of materials, such as hardness, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appearance. PVD can be applied to a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers. The process is favored for its ability to produce high-quality coatings with excellent adhesion and uniformity. Common applications of PVD include the production of cutting tools, decorative finishes, and solar cells.