Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, or PPARs, are a group of proteins that function as transcription factors, regulating gene expression. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of fats and sugars, influencing how the body stores and uses energy. There are three main types of PPARs: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-beta/delta, and PPAR-gamma, each with distinct functions and tissue distributions. PPARs are activated by specific ligands, including fatty acids and their derivatives. When activated, they bind to DNA and promote the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis. This makes PPARs important targets for treating conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.