P2P protocols, or peer-to-peer protocols, are communication methods that allow devices to connect and share resources directly with each other, without needing a central server. This decentralized approach enables users to exchange files, data, or services efficiently, as each participant can act as both a client and a server. Common examples of P2P protocols include BitTorrent for file sharing and Skype for voice and video calls. These protocols enhance scalability and resilience, as the network can continue to function even if some nodes go offline. Overall, P2P protocols facilitate collaborative and distributed computing.