P-type refers to a type of semiconductor material that has been doped with elements that create "holes" or positive charge carriers. This is typically achieved by adding elements from group III of the periodic table, such as boron or aluminum, to a pure semiconductor like silicon. The presence of these holes allows for the flow of electric current when an external voltage is applied. In P-type semiconductors, the majority charge carriers are holes, while the minority carriers are electrons. This behavior is crucial in the functioning of electronic devices, such as diodes and transistors, where P-type materials are often paired with N-type materials to create junctions that control the flow of electricity.