N-type refers to a type of semiconductor material that has been doped with elements that provide extra electrons. These additional electrons are negatively charged, which is why the term "N" stands for negative. Common dopants for N-type semiconductors include elements like phosphorus or arsenic, which are added to materials like silicon to enhance their electrical conductivity. In N-type semiconductors, the majority charge carriers are electrons, while the minority carriers are holes (the absence of electrons). This property makes N-type materials essential in various electronic devices, including transistors and diodes, where they often work in conjunction with P-type semiconductors to create p-n junctions that enable the flow of electric current.