The P=NP problem is a major unsolved question in computer science that asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified (NP) can also be quickly solved (P). In simpler terms, it questions if finding a solution is as easy as checking one. If P=NP is proven true, it would mean that many complex problems, like those in cryptography and optimization, could be solved efficiently. Conversely, if P≠NP, it would confirm that some problems are inherently difficult to solve, even if their solutions can be verified quickly.