Osteopenia is a condition characterized by lower than normal bone density, which means bones are weaker and more prone to fractures. It often serves as a warning sign that a person may be at risk for more severe bone loss, known as osteoporosis. Factors contributing to osteopenia include aging, hormonal changes, and a lack of calcium or vitamin D in the diet. People with osteopenia may not experience any symptoms, making it important to have regular bone density tests, especially for those at higher risk. Lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity and a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, can help improve bone health and reduce the risk of further bone loss.