Oroya Fever is a serious illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis, which is transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies. The disease is primarily found in the Andean regions of Peru and Ecuador. Symptoms typically include high fever, chills, and severe anemia, which can lead to complications if not treated promptly. The illness has two phases: the acute phase, characterized by fever and other systemic symptoms, and the chronic phase, known as verruga peruana, where skin lesions develop. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of the disease.