"Orientalist" refers to the study and representation of the cultures, languages, and societies of the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa by Western scholars and artists. This term often highlights the ways in which these regions have been depicted through a Western lens, sometimes leading to stereotypes and misconceptions about their cultures. The concept of Orientalism was notably critiqued by the scholar Edward Said in his 1978 book, where he argued that such representations served to justify colonialism and reinforce Western dominance. Orientalism encompasses both academic study and artistic portrayals, influencing literature, painting, and film throughout history.