Orientalism in art refers to the depiction of Eastern cultures, particularly those of the Middle East and Asia, by Western artists. This movement emerged in the 19th century, influenced by colonialism and a fascination with the exotic. Artists like Jean-Léon Gérôme and Eugène Delacroix often portrayed romanticized and idealized images of Eastern life, architecture, and landscapes. While Orientalism aimed to capture the beauty and mystery of these cultures, it often perpetuated stereotypes and misconceptions. Critics argue that such representations can lead to a distorted understanding of the realities of Eastern societies, reducing them to mere subjects of Western imagination.