Orientalism refers to the way Western cultures perceive and portray the cultures of the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa. This concept often involves stereotypes and generalizations that depict these regions as exotic, backward, or mysterious. Such representations can influence how people view these cultures, often leading to misunderstandings and a lack of appreciation for their complexities. The term was popularized by the scholar Edward Said in his 1978 book, where he argued that these portrayals serve to justify colonialism and domination. By framing Eastern societies as "other," Western powers could rationalize their control and exploitation, reinforcing a sense of superiority over these cultures.