Oral mucositis is a painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It commonly occurs in patients undergoing treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer, as these therapies can damage the rapidly dividing cells in the oral lining. Symptoms include soreness, redness, and difficulty eating or swallowing. The condition can lead to complications such as infections and may require medical intervention. Management strategies often include pain relief medications, mouth rinses, and maintaining good oral hygiene to help reduce discomfort and promote healing.