An optimization problem is a mathematical challenge where the goal is to find the best solution from a set of possible options. This often involves maximizing or minimizing a particular function, such as cost, time, or resources, while adhering to certain constraints. These problems are common in various fields, including economics, engineering, and logistics. To solve an optimization problem, techniques like linear programming, integer programming, or gradient descent may be used. The process typically involves defining the objective function, identifying constraints, and applying algorithms to find the optimal solution. Tools like software and mathematical models can assist in this analysis.