Mathematical models are abstract representations that use mathematical language to describe real-world systems or phenomena. They can range from simple equations to complex simulations, helping us understand and predict behaviors in various fields such as physics, economics, and biology. By translating real-world problems into mathematical terms, these models allow researchers and practitioners to analyze data and make informed decisions. These models can be classified into different types, including deterministic models, which provide precise outcomes, and stochastic models, which incorporate randomness. Mathematical models are essential tools in science and engineering, enabling advancements in technology and improving our understanding of complex systems.