Optical Signal Processing refers to the manipulation of signals using light instead of electrical signals. This technology leverages the properties of light, such as its speed and bandwidth, to process information more efficiently. It is commonly used in telecommunications, where it enhances data transmission rates and reduces signal degradation over long distances. In optical networks, signals are converted into light waves, allowing for faster and more reliable communication. Techniques like Fourier optics and wavefront shaping are employed to analyze and modify these light signals. Overall, optical signal processing plays a crucial role in modern data communication systems.