Fourier optics is a field of study that combines the principles of Fourier analysis with the behavior of light. It focuses on how light waves can be represented as a sum of simpler waves, allowing for the analysis of complex optical systems. This approach helps in understanding how lenses and other optical devices manipulate light. In Fourier optics, images can be processed and analyzed in the frequency domain, which reveals important information about their structure. Techniques such as holography and image processing benefit from this framework, enabling advancements in areas like telecommunications and microscopy.