Optic neuropathies refer to a group of conditions that damage the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage can lead to vision loss, often affecting central or peripheral vision. Causes can include glaucoma, ischemia, inflammation, or toxic substances. Symptoms of optic neuropathies may include blurred vision, color vision changes, or sudden vision loss. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, imaging tests, and sometimes blood tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment options vary depending on the specific type and cause of the optic neuropathy.