Ischemia is a medical condition that occurs when there is a reduced blood flow to a specific part of the body. This decreased blood supply can lead to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients, which are essential for the cells to function properly. Ischemia can affect various organs, including the heart, brain, and limbs, and may result in pain or damage to the affected tissues. Common causes of ischemia include atherosclerosis, where arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, and blood clots that block blood vessels. Symptoms can vary depending on the area affected, but they often include pain, weakness, or numbness. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent serious complications.