"Old" or "ancient" refers to something that has existed for a very long time, often thousands of years. This term is commonly used to describe civilizations, artifacts, and structures that have historical significance. For example, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt are considered ancient, as they were built around 4,500 years ago. Ancient history encompasses the study of human societies from the earliest times until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. This period includes notable cultures such as the Mesopotamians, Greeks, and Romans, each contributing to the development of art, science, and governance that still influence modern society today.