Observational techniques are essential methods used in research to gather data by watching subjects in their natural environment. This approach allows researchers to collect qualitative data without interference, providing insights into behaviors, interactions, and contexts. Commonly used in fields like Anthropology and Sociology, these techniques can include participant observation and structured observation. These methods can be particularly valuable in understanding complex social phenomena. By observing subjects in real-time, researchers can capture nuances that surveys or interviews might miss. This leads to a richer understanding of the subject matter, making observational techniques a powerful tool in the researcher's toolkit.