Nutritional components are the essential substances in food that provide energy and support bodily functions. These components include macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are needed in larger amounts, as well as micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, which are required in smaller quantities for various physiological processes. Each nutritional component plays a specific role in maintaining health. For example, carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source, while proteins are crucial for building and repairing tissues. Fats provide energy and support cell growth, and vitamins and minerals help regulate metabolism and strengthen the immune system.